Effect of Music Therapy on Cognitive Function Among Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Journal

The Gerontologist

Year

2025

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: As individuals age, their cognitive function gradually declines. However, maintaining good cognitive function is essential for successful aging. Music therapy may improve cognitive function or delay cognitive decline among older adults. However, the efficacy of music therapy for improving cognition remains unclear. This review aimed to evaluate the effects of music therapy on cognitive function (global cognition, memory, or executive function) among older adults. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: 9 electronic databases were comprehensively searched from inception to November 3, 2023 to identify randomized controlled trials examining the effects of music therapy on cognitive function among older adults. The revised Cochrane Risk of Bias in Randomized Trials tool (ROB 2) was used to assess the risk of bias, and Stata 17.0 software was used to conduct the meta-analysis. Standard mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to evaluate the effects of music therapy on cognitive function. RESULTS: 33 eligible articles involving 3,058 participants were included. The results revealed that music therapy significantly improved global cognition (SMD = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.28-0.52, p < .05, I2 = 38%), memory (SMD = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.13-0.37, p < .05, I2 = 16%), and executive function (SMD = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.25-0.48, p < .05, I2 = 26%) among older adults. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS: This systematic review and meta-analysis verified the positive effects of music therapy on cognitive function in older adults. More research is needed to determine the best form and timing of interventions for different populations.

Music and Health Institute Terms

Cognitive Abilities; Memory; Functional Status; Elderly; Music Therapy; Observational Measures

Indexed Terms

Elderly; Cognition; Cognitive Dysfunction; Cognitive function; Executive Function; Meta-analysis; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic

Study Type

Systematic Review; Quantitative Methods

PubMed ID

PMID: 40084508

Document Type

Article

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